|
Relativistic rocket refers to any spacecraft that travels at a velocity close enough to light speed for relativistic effects to become significant. The meaning of "significant" is a matter of context, but generally speaking a velocity of at least 50% of the speed of light (0.5''c'') is required. The Lorentz factor - also known as the "gamma" factor, γ, and present in the equations for time dilation, relativistic mass, and length contraction - is equal to 1.15 at 0.5''c''. Above this speed Einsteinian physics are required to describe motion. Below this speed, motion is approximately described by Newtonian physics and the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation can be used. In this context, a rocket is defined as an object carrying all of its reaction mass, energy, and engines with it. Achieving relativistic velocities is difficult, requiring advanced forms of spacecraft propulsion that have not yet been adequately developed. Nuclear pulse propulsion could theoretically achieve 0.1''c'' using current known technologies, but would still require many engineering advances to achieve this. The relativistic gamma factor () at 10% of light velocity is 1.005. The time dilation factor of 1.005 which occurs at 10% of light velocity is too small to be of major significance. A 0.1''c'' velocity interstellar rocket is thus considered to be a non-relativistic rocket because its motion is quite accurately described by Newtonian physics alone. Relativistic rockets are usually seen discussed in the context of interstellar travel, since most would require a great deal of space to accelerate up to those velocities. They are also found in some thought experiments such as the twin paradox. ==Relativistic rocket equation== As with the classical rocket equation, one wants to calculate the velocity change that a rocket can achieve depending on the specific impulse and the mass ratio, i. e. the ratio of starting mass and mass at the end of the acceleration phase (dry mass) . Subsequently ''specific impulse'' means the momentum produced by the exhaust of a small amount of rocket fuel divided by the mass of that small amount of rocket fuel, in an inertial reference frame where the rocket is at rest before using that small amount of fuel. Thus specific impulse is a velocity, as opposed to the common usage of the word as the ratio of momentum and weight (weight would not make much sense in this context). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「relativistic rocket」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|